主谓一致之语法一致

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一、语法一致原则

语法一致是主语和谓语在语法形式上要一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。

如：A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language

Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language.

语法一致主要包括以下几种情况：

1.不定式、动名词以及从句作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。

如：Reading often means learning. 读书常意味着学习。

2.不定代词one, every, each, everybody,everyone,one of等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。

如：Neither of my sisters likes sports. 我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动。

3.表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。

如：One Thousand and One Nights tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore.

《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多神秘的民间传说。

4.a portion of,a series of,a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。

如：A series of high technology products has been laid out in the exhibition.

一系列高科技产品已在展览上展出。

5.由some, several, both, few, many,a number of等词修饰主语，或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。另外，由and连接两个主语时，谓语一般用复数。

如：On the seashore, some people are playing volleyball and some are lying in the sun. 

海边，有些人在打排球，有些人在躺着晒太阳。

6.有些短语，如：a lot of, most of, any of, half of, three fifths of,eighty percent, some of,none of, the rest of,all of等后接不可数名词，或者是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。

如：A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday when the electricity was suddenly cut off. 

昨天突然断电时，那家商店丢失了许多钱。

7.当主语后面接由as well as, as much as,accompanied by, less than,rather than,together with等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里，这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。

如：Petroleum, along with fuel gas, has recently risen in price.

最近石油和燃料煤气的价格上涨了。